reactionofmagnesiumwithhydrochloricacid-lingnerchem（12页）.docVIP

Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid (Gas Laws) Your Name: Date: Partner(s) Names: Objectives: React magnesium metal with hydrochloric acid, collecting the hydrogen over water. Calculate the grams of hydrogen produced and compare this with the theoretical yield of hydrogen, as calculated based on the original mass of magnesium using stoichiometry. Report the percent yield of hydrogen gas. Introduction: The reaction of magnesium metal with concentrated hydrochloric acid produces hydrogen gas, in a “single-displacement” reaction, due to the fact that magnesium is more chemically active than hydrogen. The more active an element, the more inclined it is to react with other elements and to displace less active elements in chemical compounds. Magnesium is more active than hydrogen (see the “Activity Series” Appendix of our Lab Manual). Thus, the more active magnesium metal displaces the hydrogen from hydrochloric acid, creating magnesium chloride and leaving the less active hydrogen on its own to form hydrogen gas, which bubbles out of the solution. Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ( MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) We will collect the hydrogen gas in an inverted graduated tube (often called a eudiometer). As long as the magnesium reacts completely and none of the gas escapes, we expect a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen gas to be formed, allowing us to compare the expected or “theoretical” mass of hydrogen formed, to the actual mass of hydrogen formed, and to calculate the percent yield of hydrogen for our experiment. Equipment Needed: Alcohol thermometer 100-mL beaker 4000 mL or larger (or large graduated cyl.) Laboratory balance Eudiometer (50 mL or 100 mL) Nichrome or copper wire Buret clamp Rubber stopper (one-holed, No. 00) Glass pipette or cylinder (10 mL, graduated) Steel wool Forceps Chemicals Needed: Distilled water (appx. 150 mL) Hydrochloric acid (Concentrated, 12 M) Magnesium ribbon Tap water Safety Note: The hydrochloric acid in this l