therampmeterdesignsectionwillincludethefollowing（76页）.docVIP

Table of Contents List of Exhibits…………………………………………………………………………iii List of Tables………………………………………………………………………..…iv 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Using This Manual 1 1.2 Definition of Ramp Meters 1 1.3 Purpose of Ramp Meters 1 1.4 Benefits of Ramp Meters 1 1.4.1 Temporal Shift of Demand 2 1.4.2 Spatial Shift of Demand 3 1.4.3 Modal Shift 3 1.4.4 Collision Reduction 3 1.5 Drawbacks of Ramp Meters 4 1.6 Application of Recommendations 4 2. Ramp Meter Warrants 5 2.1 Purpose of Warrant Process 5 2.2 Geographic Scope of Study 5 2.3 Data Requirements 5 2.4 Individual Warrants 5 2.4.1 Warrant One – Recurring Con