26GIS的應用.doc

Unit 26 Applications of GIS Due to increasing complexity of the real world situations, more challenges emerge in knowing about the precious earth and also in planning and decision making processes. 由于现实日益复杂的现实世界的情况，关于地球的精确规划和决策的过程出现了更多的挑战。 GIS is nowadays considered as an important tool in planning and decision making. It has been found applied in many fields, such as cadastral mapping, land use planning, forestry, wildlife management, infrastructure planning, zoning, military, environ mental monitoring, network planning, facility selecting, archaeology, agriculture, business marketing and sales, banking, health and human services, landscape architecture, libraries and museums, marine, coast, and oceans, media, mining and earth sciences, petroleum, retail business, state and local government, transportation. GIS现信被认为是一个在规划和决策制定上的重要工具。它被发现用于很多个领域，比如地籍图制作，土地利用规划，林业，野生动植物管理，基础设施规划，区域划分，军事，环境监测，网络规划，设备选择，考古学，农业，企业市场营销和销售，银行业，健康与人类服务业，园林景观，图书馆和博物馆，海事，海岸和海洋，媒体，矿业和地球科学，石油，零售业，国家和地方政府，运输业。 Some of the advanced applications at present involve air traffic monitoring, road navigation, crime analysis, and so on. At present, GIS has become the accepted and standard means of utilizing spatial data. Likewise, the use of spatial data is growing very rapidly in diverse fields. 目前更深层次的应用包括航空交通监测，道路导航，犯罪分析等等。目前，GIS成为利用空间数据的公认的标准方法。同样的，空间数据在多种领域的利用也在迅速的增长 This ability to incorporate spatial data, manage it, analyze it, and answer spatial questions is the distinctive characteristic of a geographic information system. Mapmaking and geographic analysis is not new, but GIS makes it possible to do this type of work faster and more efficiently because of the power and ease of using modern computers. It allows virtually anyone to create a map to help explain historic events, plan for the future, and predict outcomes. The following examples explain the application fields of GIS. 组织、管理、分析空间数据并且解决空间问题的能力是GIS系统的一个显著的特征。地图制作和地理分析并不是新知识，但是因为现代计算机的力量和方便，GIS能够使更快速、更高效地完成这样的工作成为一种可能。 Environment: Envi