集体行为的“软控制”).pptVIP

集体行为的“软控制” 韩 靖 数学与系统科学研究院 系统与控制重点实验室、复杂系统研究中心合作者：郭 雷、黎 明 集体行为 (Collective Behavior) 目前复杂系统研究中的热点：network dynamics, spin glasses, self-organized criticality… 特点： 大量相似个体 局部相互作用：吸引、抗拒、对齐… 集体特性不同于单个个体 集体行为类型：相变、模式形成、群组运动、同步… 典型例子： “磁化”现象：个体行为 ? 邻居动作的平均方向鸟群、人群恐慌、同步掌声、Google引擎、组合优化问题的相变… Three Categories of Research on Collective Behavior Given the local rules of the agent, what is the collective behavior of the overall system? Spin Glasses, panic model, network dynamics, Given the desired collective behavior, what are the local rules for agents? Swarm Intelligence, BA model for internet Given the local rule of the agent, how we control the collective behavior? Soft Control A Group of Birds How we drive them away? Outline The Model for a Group of Birds The Key Points of ‘Soft Control’ Computer Simulations A Case Study Soft Control of Complex Systems A Simple Model* (1995, Vicsek etc.) n Agents: (X, ?) xi(t), i=1,…,n ?i(t): heading (moving direction) of the i-th agent. v: the constant speed of birds r: radius of neighborhood, so Ni(t)={j | ||xj-xi||?r}, ni(t)=|Ni(t)| ?i(t+1)=?i(t)r, where ?i(t)= arc tan [sin(??i(t))r / cos(??i(t))r] xi(t+1)=xi(t) + V(v, ?i(t+1)) Key Points of ‘Soft Control’ The system: Many agents more is different Each agent follows the local rules Autonomous, distributed Agents are connected, no one is isolated (most of the time)The local effect will affect the whole The “Control”: Not to change the local rule of existing agents Can not implement by changing adjustable global parameters  Put a few spies to guide (seduce) Spy: is controlled by us, not following the local rules, is treated as an ordinary agent by other ordinary agents. There Are Lots of Questions … What is the purpose/task of control here? Synchronization Group connected / Dissolve a group Turning (Minimal Circling) Lead to a destination (in a shortest time) Avoid hitting an object Tracking … In what degree we can control the spy? (head