无线通信发展史).pptVIP

A Brief History of Communication Communication Systems What goes into the engineering of these systems? Key Ingredients Software Hardware Communication architecture, with coding and signal processing algorithms Communication channels can be very nasty! Communication has a long history Smoke signals, telegraph, telephone… 1895: invention of the radio by Marconi 1901: trans-atlantic communication State of affairs:Early 20th century Most communication systems are analog. Engineering designs are ad-hoc, tailored for each specific application. Big Questions Is there a general methodology for designing communication systems? Is there a limit to how fast one can communicate? Harry Nyquist (1928) Analog signals of bandwidth W can be represented by 2W samples/s Channels of bandwidth W support transmission of 2W symbols/s From CT to DT Nyquist converted the continuous-time problem to a discrete-time problem. But has he really solved the communication problem? No. You can communicate infinite number of bits in one continuous-valued symbol! Claude Shannon (1948) His information theory addressed all the big questions in a single stroke. Randomness Shannon thought of both information sources and channels as random and used probability models for them. Everything is bits Shannon showed the universality of a digital interface between the source and the channel. Information is like fluid Every source has an entropy rate H bits per second. Every channel has a capacity C bits per second Reliable communication is possible if and only if H C. Simple example: binary symmetric channel p Initial Reactions Engineers didn’t understand what he was talking about. People were still stuck in the analog world. Complexity way too high for implementation technology of the day. He didn’t really tell people exactly how to design optimal communication systems. 50 years later…. Our communication infrastructure is going fully digital. Most modern communication sy