10- physics the departmentof physics（10 -物理departmentof物理）（12页）.docVIP

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10- physics the departmentof physics（10 -物理departmentof物理）（12页）.doc

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10- physics the departmentof physics（10 -物理departmentof物理）（12页）

Questions and Problems Conceptual Questions 1. [BJ] Brake shoes in cars are made of a material that can tolerate very high temperatures without being damaged. Why is this so? 2. [BJ] When you pound in a nail with a hammer, the nail gets quite warm. Describe the energy transformations that lead to the addition of thermal energy in the nail. For Questions 3 through 8, give specific examples of systems which take part in energy transformations of the kind described. In these questions, W is the work done on the system by the environment, and K and U are the kinetic and potential energies of the system, respectively. 3. [SF] W ? K with ?U = 0. 4. [SF] W ? U with ?K = 0. 5. [SF] K ? U with W = 0. 6. [SF] K ? W with ?U = 0. 7. [SF] U ? K with W = 0. 8. [SF] U ? W with ?K = 0. 9. [SF] A ball of putty is dropped from 2 m onto a hard floor. It lands and sticks to the floor. What object or objects need to be included in the system if the system is to be isolated during this process? In Questions 10 through 13, visualize a weightlifter raising a barbell from the floor to above his head. The description of this process in terms of energy transformations depends on what you choose to specify as the system (with everything else being the environment). Carry out such descriptions, for the different systems listed in the questions. Use the notation of Section 11.2 for the various forms of energy and energy transfer. 10. [MPG] The barbell alone. 11. [MPG] The weightlifter alone. 12. [MPG] The barbell plus the Earth. 13. [MPG] The barbell plus the Earth plus the weightlifter. In Questions 14 through 16, imagine yourself doing a chin-up, start from rest with your arms extended above your head and your hands gripping the chin-up bar, and ending at rest with your elbows bent and your hands still gripping the bar. As in the preceeding four questions, describe this process in terms of energy transformations for the systems listed. 14. [MPG] You alone. 15. [MPG] You and the chin-u