i u c n protected areas case study( south africa)（我u c n保护区案例研究(南非)）（23页）.docVIP

DRAFT CASE STUDY Connectivity Conservation Law through the Eyes of the Greater Cedarberg Biodiversity Corridor( prepared by Dr Alexander Ross Paterson Associate Professor Institute of Marine and Environmental Law University of Cape Town South Africa prepared for IUCN Environmental Law Centre Connectivity Conservation Law Project Table of Contents Introduction Overview of the Greater Cedarberg Biodiversity Corridor Origins and Setting Institutional Arrangements Objectives and Strategy Domestic Laws Facilitating Connectivity Conservation Conservation Legislation Establishing Protected Areas Biodiversity Planning Listed Ecosystems and Species Sustainable Use Legislation Land-Use Planning Legislation Future Spatial Planning Zoning, Environmental Overlays and Subdivision Development Control Legislation Environmental Impact Assessment Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Management Frameworks Critical Biodiversity Areas Integrated Coastal Management Legislation Coastal Management Planning Coastal Management Committees Estuarine Management Regulatory and Enforcement Mechanisms Fiscal Legislation Property Rates Incentives Income Tax Incentives Voluntary Contractual Arrangements A Critical Reflection Planning Imperatives Drawing from a Diversity of Legal Tools Facilitating Cooperative Governance Providing Resources, Capacity Support 1. Introduction While South Africa ranks as the third most biologically diverse country in the world, it is currently hemorrhaging this diverse biological wealth. The most recent assessment of the nation’s biological resources highlights that 40% of terrestrial ecosystems, 57% of river ecosystems, 65% of wetland ecosystems, 43% of estuary ecosystems and 58% of coastal and inshore ecosystem types are threatened. Furthermore, increasing numbers of terrestrial, marine and aquatic species are regarded as threatened. These challenges are compounded by the trappings which accompanied South Africa’s tr