whatdoesthepresenceofsedimentaryrocklayersreveal（46页）.docVIP

What does the presence of sedimentary rock layers reveal about sea level? Limestone is formed in deep ocean. Shale is formed in shallow oceans. Sandstone forms on beaches. This pattern (sandstone on shale on limestone) indicates ocean level falling. The reverse pattern would indicate a time when the sea level was rising. The top of Mt. Everest is made of limestone. What does this indicate about how the topography of this region has changed? ( Limestone is formed at the bottom of the ocean. The highest point on Earth was once at the bottom of the ocean! How does the wind cause surface currents in the ocean? By friction of the wind on the upper surface of the ocean (called “wind stress”). If a wind passes from west to east—it causes a surface current from west to east as well. (Ekman drift causes sub-surface currents to bend to the right in the northern hemisphere) In your own words, describe the difference between an intrusive igneous rock and an extrusive igneous rock. Extrusive igneous rocks cool from lava on the surface of the Earth… …while intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma below the surface of the Earth  Why are some metamorphic rocks foliated but others lack foliation? Foliation occurs when rocks are exposed to steady pressure. The foliation forms at right angles to the pressure. Without this steady pressure… no foliation! Did the igneous rocks in your community or area form underground or at the Earth’s surface? Explain. Underground. The igneous rocks in this are usually granite. The large crystals indicate that it cooled slowly underground. (There is also rhyolite, a fine textured, pale igneous rock that cooled on the surface) Earth’s orbit has an eccentricity of about 0.017. Compare this value to the ellipse with the lowest eccentricity of those you drew. Why does it make sense to describe Earth’s orbit as nearly circular? d=10 cm