PLMFor的ManagingRecyclability-Duta-UofM.pptVIP

Using PLM for managing substance regulations and meeting recyclability targets Dr. Deba Dutta Professor of Mechanical Engineering Director, PLM Alliance University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Frequently in the news… Life cycle of a product Presentation Overview Emergence of product end-of-life related regulations Trends and concerns for industry The EOL research project A systems approach within the PLM framework Some initial results Summary Environmental concerns @ EOL Increased waste due to abandoned products Hazardous/toxic substances Five pounds of lead in every CRT monitor 30mg of Hg in every fluorescent tube (4ft) Halogenated flame retardants in plastics Lost resources Est. loss of resources from electrical equipment waste in Europe in 1988: 2.4 million tonnes of ferrous metal 1.2 million tonnes of plastic 652,000 tonnes of copper Environmental concerns @ EOL Expensive recycling or disposal Need for specialised processes Variety of products – no economies of scale High costs of safe disposal Decreasing landfill space Stringent legal requirements - Expensive to build safe landfills Close-down of “unsafe” landfills NIMBY (not in my back yard) Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Transfer of financial (sometimes operational) responsibility of EOL treatment to producers Targets for recovery and recycling Bans/Restrictions on the use of hazardous substances Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Laws and Regulations Europe – ELV, WEEE, RoHS USA – RCRA Japan – SHARL, Waste Treatment Law Taiwan – Resource Recycling and Reuse Act, Waste Disposal Act Voluntary/Co-regulatory schemes Australia NZ - Product Stewardship For Oil Program, National Packaging Covenant Canada – AB Fluorescent Bulb and Computer Recycling Program EPR – What is at stake ? Big money! Costs for compliance American electronics industry estimates for WEEE compliance - $140 to $900 million European estimates for compliance with ELV Directive - €20 to €150 per vehicle Penalties for non-