Chapter3.淋巴组织和器官幻灯片.pptVIP

1.Rearrangement of TCR gene T-cell maturation involves rearrangements of the germ-line TCR genes The resulting TCR are diverse and need to be selected to remove self-reactive TCRs and those can not bind to MHC molecules 2. Selections: (from DP to SP) To ensure the mature T cell to Positive selection Negative selection Recognize antigen peptide combined with the MHC molecules----- MHC restriction Be unresponsive to self components---- Self tolerance Positive selection (thymic education): thymocytes in the cortex with TCRs with a moderate affinity for self-MHC molecules on epithelial cells are allowed to develope further. Others undergo apoptosis and die. MHC – restriction. negative selection(central tolerance): Positively selected T cells with TCRs that recognize self-components on dendritic cells and macrophages are deleted by apoptosis which occurs in the deeper cortex. Only thymocytes that fail to recognize self-antigen are allowed to proceed. Self-tolerance. Ⅱ. Secondary lymphoid organs Lymphocytes encounter and respond to antigen in the peripheral lymphoid organs lymph nodes Free antigen and antigen-bearing dendritic cells from the tissue are trapped at draining lymph nodes. Spleen Collect antigens from blood and is involved in immune response to blood-borne pathogens Mocosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) Collect antigen from the epithelial surface T cell B cell Peripheral blood 75% 15% Lymph node 75% 25% Spleen 35% 55% Lymph nodes Cortex Outer cortex: B cells organized into lymphoid follicles Paracortical area : T cells and dendritic cells Medulla: Medallary cords: macrophges and plasma cells B. Spleen Red pulp White pulp Peripheral lymphoid sheath (PALS): T cells Lymphoid follicles : B cells Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) NALT (Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue） BALT(bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue) GALT (gut- associated lymphoid tissue） Peyer’s patches： M cell (microfold) Lymphoid follicles: tonsils,adenoids, appendix Lympho