2015年河海大学研究生英语一Unit4ExplicitandImplicitMoralEducation.docVIP

Unit 4 Explicit and Implicit Moral Education Imagine?a?guardsman,?from?the?moment?he?falls?in?on?parade?in?the?morning?until?the?moment?the?parade?is?dismissed,?every?conscious?action?he?makes?is?predetermined?and?controlled.?If?inadvertently?he?does?something?that?is?not?in?the?schedule,?such?as?drop?his?rifle,?he?has?to?cover?up?the?accident?by?pretending?to?faint.? To?do?anything?other?than?conform?might?show?originality?and?inventiveness,?but?from?the?point?of?view?of?military?ethos?would?be?immoral.? 想象一个卫士，从早上参加的那刻到阅兵解散的那刻,他做的每一个有意识的动作都是受预定和控制的。如果他无意间做了什么计划外的事情，比如像掉了他的步枪，他不得不假装晕倒来掩盖事故。 做除了承认以外的任何事情可能展示出独创性和创造性，但是从军队作风观点的角度来看可能是不道德的。? That?is?an?example?of?a?thorough-going?explicit?moral?system.?In?it?actions?are?rigidly?divided?into?right?ones?and?wrong?ones,?permitted?ones?and?non-permitted?ones,?and?everyone?involved?accepts?this?without?question; ?and?to?train?a?participant?in?such?a?system?is?an?explicit?matter,?and?the?simplest?form?of?behaviour?training,?provided?the?learners?acknowledge?the?teacher?as?an?unquestionable?authority?who?knows?exactly?what?moral?behaviour?is.? 这是一个全面的显性道德体系的例子。在这个例子里，行动被严格分为正确的和错误的，允许的和不允许的，涉及到的每个人都无条件接受； 假设学习者承认教师作为一个不容置疑的权威，一个准确知道什么是道德的权威，则在这样一个体系中培养参与者是一件明确的事，是行为训练最简单的形式。 Consider?the?same?guardsman?in?the?evening,?in?a?tavern?with?a?girl.?His?behaviour?is?not?so?rigorously?controlled,?and?he?has?many?choices?of?action,?many?decisions?to?make.?In?that?case,?all?sorts?of?pressures?are?influencing?his?choice?of?actions.? What?his?peer?group?does,?what?is?the?custom?at?the?moment?in?that?area,?what?he?thinks?the?girlfriend?will?accept?or?expect,?maybe?the?sort?of?lifestyle?he?has?seen?displayed?in?television?plays,?the?things?he?has?read?about?in?the?papers,?these?are?all?contributing?to?his?decisions.?He?has?not?been?instructed?explicitly,?as?in?the?morning,?but?he?has?had?a?much?more?diffuse?implicit?training?in?behaviour,?derived?from?many?sources. 考虑同一个卫士，在晚上同一个女孩在一个小酒馆。他的行为是不那么严格地受控制，他有很多的行动选择，很多决定去下。在这种情况下，各种压力都会影