中国地质大学和(武汉环境化学02 Atmospheric structure and composition.pptVIP

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中国地质大学和(武汉环境化学02 Atmospheric structure and composition.ppt

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Chapter two Atmospheric Structure and Composition 1. Atmospheric Structure The atmosphere Atmospheric Structure Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Ionosphere atmospheric pressure Wind and pressure Atmospheric Circulation The atmosphere The atmosphere is a thin blanket of gas that envelops the earth. The gases that make up the atmosphere are held close to the earth by the pull of gravity. With increasing distance from the earth’s surface, the temperature, density, and composition of the atmosphere gradually change On the basis of air temperature, the atmosphere can be divided vertically into four major layers. The atmosphere functions as A highly effective regulator of heat and radiation, the principal sources of energy for life. A radiator: Protects the biosphere (where life is found…about 21 km thick) from harmful forms of incoming solar radiation As a heat regulator, the atmosphere slows the loss of heat from earth, a process called the GREENHOUSE EFFECT Atmospheric Structure Atmospheric Structure Troposphere The troposphere is the layer from the earth’s surface to the tropopause, which is at 10-15 km altitude depending on latitude and time of year. (Mt. Everest 8.85km) As altitude increases, air temperature decreases at a rate of about 3.5o per 1000 ft. The tropopause has a temperature of about –57oC. The lower part of the troposphere interacts directly with the surface of the earth–this part of the troposphere is generally called air. The atmosphere in this layer is heated from below by convection and radiation from the earth’s surface. Most of our weather occurs in the troposphere. Troposphere Structure Stratosphere The stratosphere is the layer above the troposphere and extends to about 50km. The temperature rises with increasing altitude, reaching a maximum of about –1oC at the stratopause. The ozone layer is in the stratosphere. Ozone absorbs UV, causing the rising temperature with altitude in this layer. The temperature structure keeps the