5炎症与组_织细胞损伤的修复.pptVIP

HEALTH DISEASE 炎症与损伤的修复Inflammation and Repair By Dr. S. J. YANG Department of Patholgy, 4th Military Medical University 学习内容 炎症的概念(Conception of Inflammation) 病因(Etiologic Agents) 局部表现和全身反应(Local and Systemic Manifestations – Signs Symptoms) 炎症的基本病理变化(Morphologic Patterns of Inflammation) 急性性炎症类型及特点、发病机制(Acute Inflammation and Pathogenesis) 损伤的修复(Repair) 慢性炎症及其类型和特点 (Chronic Inflammation) 炎症的结局(Prognosis of Inflammation) HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS: Big Robbins lists, or might have listed Cornelius Celsus (ancient Rome) described rubor (redness), calor (heat -- this applies only to the skin), dolor (pain), and tumor (which then simply meant swelling) as the cardinal signs of inflammation. John Hunter (the great early surgeon, * 1793, * parodied by William Blake as Jack Tearguts) first characterized inflammation as a nonspecific body response. Rudolf Virchow added functio laesa (loss of function) as the fifth cardinal sign of inflammation, and his student, Julius Cohnheim, provided the basic studies of the pathologic microanatomy of inflammation. Elie Metchnikoff (* 1892) was the first to observe and study phagocytosis. (* This is the same Metchnikoff who popularized yogurt as a health and longevity food. He died at age 70.) Paul Ehrlich developed the idea of humoral immunity early in this century. (This is the same Ehrlich who developed the magic bullet for syphilis, and most of the stains we still use.) Thomas Lewis demonstrated that inflammation is brought about by chemical mediators, most of which act locally. Someone may still ask you about the triple response of Lewis to a superficial scratch: (1) an immediate red scratch mark; (2) a red flare around the scratch mark; (3) a red swollen area (wheal) around the flare. (Try it!) Dr. Lewis found that he could eliminate the flare, but not the others, by cutting the autonomic nerve supply (i.e., preventing the axon reflex). This experiment led to the discovery of histamine, which mediates events 1 and 3. Inflam