Lesson5OperaringSystem讲解.pptVIP

Computer English Chapter 5 Operaring System In this chapter we study the concepts in OS design by studying the evolution of OS functions and identifying the fundamental concepts and techniques used in their implementation. We also introduce formal definitions of concepts and relevant terminology. 本章我们将通过学习操作系统功能的演化和认识操作系统在实现过程中采用的基本概念与技术，了解操作系统设计中的概念，还将介绍一些概念和相关术语的正式定义。 5.2 Evolution of OS Function Jobs, programs and processes The primary function of an OS is to organize the execution of user computations in a computer system. A suitable characterization of user computations is therefore fundamental to its design. Three characterizations of user computations have been used to date--jobs, programs and processes. 作业、程序和进程 操作系统的基本功能是在计算机系统中组织用户计算的执行。因此它在设计中要求对用户计算有恰当的特征描述。通常在用户计算中使用以下三种特征记述——作业、程序和进程。 5.2 Evolution of OS Function Jobs, programs and processes A program is the classical view of a computation. It consists of a set of program units, including program units obtained from libraries, which constitute an object code to be executed. A process is an execution of a program or of a part of a program. It differs from a program when concurrent programming techniques are used for coding the program. In such a case many processes can execute a program or a part of a program. 程序是计算的传统观点，它由一系列程序单元构成，包括从库中获取的程序单元，并组成可执行的目标代码。进程是一个程序或一个程序部分的一次执行。在应用并行编码技术时，许多进程可以执行同一程序或其一部分，这时进程与程序是不同的。 5.2 Evolution of OS Function Jobs, programs and processes A job is a computational structure which is a sequence of programs. It consists of a sequence of job steps, each job step constituting the execution of a program. Thus, a job for the compilation and execution of a Pascal program involves the following three job steps---execution of the Pascal compiler to compile the Pascal program, execution of the linker to prepare the compiled program for execution and execution of the object program which has just been linked. 作业是一个程序序列的计算结构。它由一系列作业步组成，每一步都是一个程序执行的一部分。例如，一个对Pascal程序进行编译和执