目前我国艾滋病控制面临的若干挑战20141110技术总结.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * There are many benefits to using antiretroviral therapy. It helps to stabilize the immune system, reversing the progressive destruction of immune function and increasing the CD4 cell count. Because the development of opportunistic infections is associated with severe damage to the immune system and very low CD4 cell counts, these infections should be prevented with antiretroviral therapy. If the infections are already present, their course may be shortened or made less severe with antiretroviral therapy. In the US and Europe, antiretroviral therapy has reduced hospitalizations for treatment of HIV-related infections, and the death rate from AIDS has been dramatically reduced. Brazil, a country with a large number of HIV-infected individuals but limited resources, has reported an 80% decrease in HIV-related hospitalizations and a 40-70% reduction in AIDS deaths since introducing antiretroviral therapy. This reduction has resulted in a cost savings of 677 million U.S. dollars. Improvement in morbidity and mortality have also been seen with the introduction of antiretroviral therapy in other developing countries including Thailand, Senegal, and Uganda. The quality of life of HIV-infected individuals has improved with therapy, and their hope is restored. Antiretroviral therapy has been associated with major reductions in mother-to-child transmission in the developed world, and, by lowering the amount of virus in the blood, it is expected that other forms of HIV transmission may be reduced as well. Antiretroviral therapy has been shown to benefit both adults and children. The availability of therapy may be an incentive for voluntary HIV counseling and testing, which increases identification of HIV-infected individuals, allowing them to access healthcare and prevent further transmission. * * * * * * * * * * * * UAI type No. of studies Pooled sample size Total UAI-positive Pooled UAI -prevalence 95%CI (%) P value of publicat