3.2.鲍姆嘉滕.ppt.pptVIP

3.2. 鲍姆嘉滕 鲍姆嘉滕 Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten?(July 17, 1714 – May 26, 1762) 文献来源 Guyer, Paul, 18th Century German Aesthetics, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta?(ed.), URL = /archives/fall2008/entries/aesthetics-18th-german/. 3.2.1. 鲍姆嘉滕的生平 Baumgarten was the son of a Pietist minister from Berlin, but was orphaned by the time he was eight. He followed his older brother Jacob Sigismund (who would become a prominent theologian and historian of religion) to Halle when he was thirteen years old. 鲍姆嘉滕是柏林一个虔诚派牧师的儿子，8岁失怙成为孤儿。13岁时，跟着他的哥哥雅各布来到霍尔。 21岁的鲍姆嘉滕干成了什么事情？ The younger Baumgarten started at the university at sixteen (in 1730), and studied theology, philology, poetry, rhetoric, and philosophy, especially Leibniz, whose philosophy was not banned. He began teaching there himself in 1735, upon the acceptance of his thesis on poetry, and published his Metaphysics in 1739. 年轻的鲍姆嘉滕16岁时（1730年）上大学，学校神学、语文学、诗学、修辞学和哲学，特别是莱布尼茨的哲学（他的哲学当时没有被禁止）。他自己在1735年开始在那里任教，获得教职资格的是他研究诗学的毕业论文；1739年出版了他的《形而上学》。 1740年《伦理学》出版，1746年（32岁）成为教授 In 1740, the same year as he published his Ethics, he was called to a professorship — or more precisely, ordered to accept it — at another Prussian university, in Frankfurt an der Oder. Georg Friedrich Meier (1718-1777), who had been studying with Baumgarten, took over his classes and was himself appointed professor at Halle in 1746. 从形而上学、伦理学返回美学 Having published the textbooks for his metaphysics and ethics classes (which Kant would still use decades later), Baumgarten then returned to aesthetics, and began working on a major treatise in 1742. 在出版了他自己的形而上学与伦理学教材之后（几十年后康德依然采用），鲍姆嘉滕又返回到美学，1742年开始了一遍主要著作的撰写。 1750年（36岁）《美学》第一卷出版 The first volume of his Aesthetica appeared in 1750. It was written in Latin, like Baumgartens other works, and was the first work ever to use the name of the new discipline as a title. 1750年，他的《美学》第一卷出版。像鲍姆嘉滕的其他著作一样，这本书也是用拉丁语写成的。本书是有史以来第一部用这个新学科作为书名的著作。 《美学》第二卷1758年出版 The next year, however,