current electricity- p r a d e e p k s h e t r a p a l（电流- p r d e e p k s h e t r p l）（55页）.docVIP

genius PHYSICS Notes by Pradeep Kshetrapal Formulas in current electricity (Direct Current) 1 Electric Current i=q/t q is charge passing in normal direction through a cross section of conductor in time t 2 Drift velocity Vd with Electric field Vd = e is charge and m is mass on electron, E is electric field, τ is relaxation time. 3 Current I with Drift velocity Vd I = n e A Vd n is number density with of free electrons, A is area of cross section. 4 Mobility of charge “μ” μ = Vd / E = 5 Mobility and drift velocity Vd = μeE 6 Current and Mobility I= Ane x μeE 7 Resistance, P.D., and Current R = V / I V Potential Difference, I Current . 8 Resistance R with specific Res. R = l is length of conductor and A is area of cross section 9 Specific Resistance, ρ ρ = R 10 Resistivity with electrons ρ = 11 Current density J = I / I is current, J current density, A is area of cross section 12 Current density magnitude J A cosθ = I θ is angle between and 13 Conductance G G = 1/R 14 Conductivity is specific resistance 15 Microscopic form of Ohms Law J = E E is electric field 16 Temperature coefficient of Resistance α = Ro is resistance at 0o C. Rt is resistance at to and “t” is temperature difference. 17 Resistances in series R = R1+R2+R3 Same current through all resistances (circuit Current Resistances in parallel 1/Re = 1/R1 +1/R2 +1/R3 Same P.D. across each resistance (V of cell) 18 In a cell, emf and internal resistance I = I is current, E is emf, R is external resistance, r is internal resistance. 19 In a circuit with a cell V = E - Ir V is terminal potential difference 20 n Cells of emf E in series Emf = nE 21 Resistance of n cells in series nr + R r is internal resistance of one cell, R external Resistance 22 Current in circuit with n cells in series I = r is internal resistance of one cell, R external Resistanc