fuelinjectionsystem,designfeatures（81页）.docVIP

Chapter 2 Recent Development in Marine Engines Edited by Kee-Rong Wu and T.C. Yang 2.1 Diesel Engine Emission Technology 2.1.1 Introduction Everyone is more concerned of these days of environmental issues. Gradually efforts are being made globally to curb pollution in all its forms. Even though the contribution of large diesel engines to global pollution is relatively small, attention has been given to their exhaust emissions since the 1970s. At first, the focus was on stationary applications, and there are now various countries of which have environmental legislation requiring reductions of the exhaust emissions from diesel power plants of varying degrees up to 100 per cent. For example, most stringent emissions regulations apply for the city of Zurich, Switzerland, where the NOx emissions of diesel engines must be reduced by more than 99 per cent [2.1]. Since January 2000, exhaust emissions control has been extended to marine diesel engines worldwide through the regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Essentially, diesel engine combustion comprises a series of batch processes. In the batch process, higher initial temperatures and pressures can be used than in the gas turbine, since the exposed components are cooled at the end of each process and between processes. Each piston stroke constitutes a batch process, and the slower it can be while still maintaining its adiabatic thermodynamics, the more efficient it can be. An added advantage of the slow process that takes place in a low speed engine is that the ignition delay may occur, depending on fuel quality and engine geometry, has less impact on a low speed engine. While a low speed engine often gives a longer ignition delay than its medium speed counterpart with the same fuel, the ignition delay is still proportionally shorter in a low speed engine, in terms of degrees crankshaft angle. This is one of the reasons why a low speed engine is considered more forgiving than other types of mach