human population fundamentalsof growth（fundamentalsof人口增长）（16页）.docVIP

Human Population: Fundamentals of Growth Population Growth and Distribution World Population Growth, 1750–2150Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects, The 1998 Revision; and estimates by the Population Reference Bureau. QA: Has the worlds population distribution changed much over time? In 2000, the world had 6.1 billion human inhabitants. This number could rise to more than 9 billion in the next 50 years. For the last 50 years, world population multiplied more rapidly than ever before, and more rapidly than it will ever grow in the future. Anthropologists believe the human species dates back at least 3 million years. For most of our history, these distant ancestors lived a precarious existence as hunters and gatherers. This way of life kept their total numbers small, probably less than 10 million. However, as agriculture was introduced, communities evolved that could support more people. World population expanded to about 300 million by A.D. 1 and continued to grow at a moderate rate. But after the start of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, living standards rose and widespread famines and epidemics diminished in some regions. Population growth accelerated. The population climbed to about 760 million in 1750 and reached 1 billion around 1800 (see chart, World population growth, 1750–2150,). World Population Distribution by Region, 1800–2050Source: United Nations Population Division, Briefing Packet, 1998 Revision of World Population Prospects. In 1800, the vast majority of the worlds population (86 percent) resided in Asia and Europe, with 65 percent in Asia alone (see chart, World population distribution by region, 1800–2050). By 1900, Europes share of world population had risen to 25 percent, fueled by the population increase that accompanied the Industrial Revolution. Some of this growth spilled over to the Americas, increasing their share of the world total. World population growth accelerated after World War II, whe