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FLIGT PATH CONTROL ( RULES OF THUMB,
FORMULAE, CONVERSION TABLES
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. International standard atmosphere (ISA)
The International Standard Atmosphere is one in wihch at Mean Sea Level the temperature is +15°C, the pressure is 1013.24hPa, and the realtive density 100% (1225 g/m3). The temperature is assumed to decrease with height at rate of 1,98°C per 1000 ft (6,5°C and density are also assumed to decrease with height, according to a more complicated formulea. Decrease in pressure and density is not linear with height.
Height
(ft) Temp. (°C) Pressure
(hPa) Speed of Sound
(KT) 0 +15,0 1013,25 661,03 5 000 +5,1 843,10 649,59 10 000 -4,8 696,90 637,93 15 000 -14,7 572,00 626,09 20 000 -24,6 466,00 613,95 25 000 34,5 376,50 601,64 30 000 -44,3 301,50 589,06 35 000 -54,2 239,10 576,20 40 000 -56,5 188,20 573,20 45 000 -56,5 148,20 148,20 An extract, giving some values of the ISA, is tabulated below
2. Pressure
2.1. Units of Measurement Conversion
1 hectopascal (hPa) = 1 Milibar (mbar)
1 (inch Hg) = 33,86 (mbar) = 33,86 (hPa) = 25,4 (mm Hg)
1 (mm Hg) = 1,33 (mbar) = 1,33 (hPa) = 0,0394 (mm Hg)
1 (mbar) = 0,75 (mm Hg) = 1 (hPa) = 0,0295 (inch Hg)
14,2 (psi) % ~ 1 (atm) 0,073 (atm) ~ 1 (psi) ( for information only)
2.2. Height Difference corresponding to a Pressure Difference of 1 hPa and 1 mmHg (ISA, sea Level)
1 (hPa) → 27,29 ft = 8,32 m
1 (mm Ha) → 36,30 ft = 11,07 m
1 (mbar) → 27,29 ft = 8,32 m
2.3. Height Difference corresponding to a Pressure Difference of 1 (hPa) depending on Altitude
Alt. (ft) 0 2000 5000 10 000 20 000 30 000 h (ft / hPa) 27,29 28,94 31,67 36,94 51,21 72,82
2.4. (hpa) to (Inches Hg) conversion
RULE OF THUMB
Remember
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