天体物理概论.pptVIP

§3. Matter Radiation Essentials Matter Essentials: §3. 1. The Big Bang ? Part 4. Cosmology §3. 2. Dark Light Matter §3. 3. The Abundances ? Part 4. Cosmology §3. 4. The Gaseous Universe §3. 5. The Dusty Universe §3. 6. The Cosmic Rays Radiation Essentials: §3. 7. Black Body Radiation §3. 8. Grey Bodies * 舒尖砍扛掐旋埔脂身宣钧庭扎燎氓哼多八挠轻斑趣幌溃货藉站歪肮纤吸涡天体物理概论天体物理概论 §3. 1. The Big Bang ? Part 4. Cosmology Not an event occurred sometime somewhere. Spacetime came into being with the Big Bang. Redshifts of galaxies The age of the Universe vs. oldest stars: 12.7 – 13.2 Gyr CMB = Cosmic Microwave Background Abundances of light elements ? nucleosynthesis in the first moments * 童恤男泉脯蔗踞吻牌醋桃婉绽凉彤豫营画擞抨桓捻兢娇门悦页写利毡擦晶天体物理概论天体物理概论 §3. 2. Dark Light Matter Most of matter invisible. * 孵细寇威伊凰镑闽撰温乖枫哗啼锹贴由忍龚振树男月沸陇氟渠演泰纸寓姥天体物理概论天体物理概论 Evidence for dark matter Galaxies rotate much faster in their outer regions. ? extended dark matter surrounding galaxies. Dark matter is needed to bound galaxy clusters. Gravitational lensing ? Mtotal Mvisible 2 independent pieces of evidence for DM in GCs. * 闪谱唬述扶司贬嚣哟拐疯觉屈委弟蛰凝又馅杆竟线灰恰虎冷务津综拙盒嫌天体物理概论天体物理概论 §3. 3. The Abundances ? Part 4. Cosmology The abundance of the elements are quantified by their number fraction or mass fraction: * solar (cosmic) abundance 抓笑卸祷诅拂邹千捐耀沟肄省钱润夫露烁逃乏蝇听嗜蛹谗中舍肩矾漓绳尸天体物理概论天体物理概论 primordial abundance enrichment metals: elements other than H and He ? Z: metallicity * Primordial abundances (in the immediate aftermath of the Big Bang): H, He, D, 3He, 7Li Stellar evolution ISM enrichment ? Part II. Stars P-P chain (M1.5Msun) He: the only product 瓤羚桌撅旗躬聂椎导炽遭鸽赠舱灯吏沦苛赚汇骗震麓辜侗柿喳扶崔薛浑贪天体物理概论天体物理概论 Supernovae Explosive Nucleosynthesis M8Msun ? planetary nebula ? WD M8Msun ? SNe II? elements heavier than Fe Typical kinetic energy ~ 1051 erg * Zhou+06 苛肾能骸澳惦蚊姐碎窥抬窒客箍欢篱灵芦评嫌赃接亚舵辑狙犁量警膜盔剃天体物理概论天体物理概论 star formation history IMF * Lu, Zhou, Wang et al. 2006 IMF = Initial Mass Function: The admixture of stars of different masses when first formed.