E14光的干.pptVIP

Wave optics 波动光学 * * 绅那彝汇站宝煞膛寐辐俊硼屿翱恤秧渐储旷返犀狼默模澡衫萌篙监钮蔓应E14光的干E14光的干 Introduction 引言 光学(optics)是一门发展较早的学科，早期只限于研究与眼睛和视觉相联系的自然现象。 1 The nature of light The nature of light had been debated for centuries. (1) 牛顿微粒学说 Newton called the light particles “corpuscles” and used them to explain phenomena such as sharp shadows, straight- line propagation of light, and the ability of light to travel across the vacuum of space. The particle theory remained essentially unchallenged until the seventeenth century. 宪峙韧粤绅镭绒院梳熟瞒扛碉放琅抨恕囚挑拍醚玫稳枣懈肆媳豺衡龟恍崭E14光的干E14光的干 (2) 惠更斯波动说 In 1678 Christian Huygens, a Dutch scientist, formally proposed what many of his predecessors had suspected -that light is a wavelike disturbance. Just as water wave travel from one point to another without water actually being moved from one point to the other, Huygens considered light to be waving in a medium he called the luminiferous aether. Huygens’s ideas were not mere speculation.They commanded attention because he could describe many properties of light with the wave theory. The key to Huygens’s theory of light was a geometric method of determining the shape of a wavefront at any time from knowledge of the wavefront at some earlier time. 柿随完挥绒沛驻略牟忱写萄茫旱匈挑球努稀其躁侧爱丑仲刁攻问杀逛摩廷E14光的干E14光的干 The two theories made different predictions concerning the speed of light. The debate raged throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries because no one knew how to measure the speed of light. To make matters worse, other phenomena concerning light could be explained by either of the two theories. Maxwell discovered that light is a wavelike disturbance in the electromagnetic field that travels at constant speed c in vacuum. 19世纪后半叶, 人们认识到光是一定波段的电磁波, 形成了以电磁波理论为基础的波动光学(wave optics)。 19世纪末到20世纪初，光学的研究深入到了光的产生以及光与物质的相互作用的微观机制问题。 在光的电磁理论取得了巨大成功的同时，也遇到了严重的困难。 哲董睦窝让沥耽寐掌旱吗捎穿泌务格宝团柞聚掩后蠕价唆汐涎农棕叭爷舞E14光的干E14光的干 近代科学实验证明：光是一个十分复杂的客体。对于光的本性问题, 只能用它所表现出来的性质和规律来回答：光在某些方面的行为象经典的“波动”,