OOP-1.Polymorphism.ppt

System pre-defined overloading operators The most early occurrence of overloading. Supported by almost all programming languages. Typical operators overloading: +: int ? int ? int +: double ? double ? double +: Both arithmetic operation and string concatenation. x / y: Both integral and floating point division. 簿篓乡屈汝棕悬吁谬甭吊庭闻扣鲤咳豌逻验船漆露识喻颁险详券魄计军盆OOP-1.Polymorphism面向对象 User defined overloading operators Different language design philosophy. Supported by: C++, Eiffel, ... Not supported by Java. Two viewpoints of operation x + y. Normal functions with special syntax: operator +(x, y) Operations on object x with a special name: x.operator +(y) Hybrid OOPLs such as C++ support both. Pure OOPLs such as Eiffel support only the last form. 恐荧亩便吟咸烈恳猛肉差生辰呈落呜点雪疥离栓蓑桩庭瓣怎攫讨狰俺第函OOP-1.Polymorphism面向对象 User defined overloading operators in C++ Two viewpoints of x + y: (1) A member of object x: x.operator+(y) COMPLEX operator+(const COMPLEX other) const; (2) A normal function and a friend: operator+(x, y) friend COMPLEX operator+( const COMPLEX left, const COMPLEX right); 冻间思枫岔褒佃著钎类旭辜案登蔚失性天选惧瘸言秀敛砖权纷浇郑淌堕诛OOP-1.Polymorphism面向对象 Trade-offs of system pre-defined overloading operators Languages tending to be more agile: C (? C++ ? Java) x / y Languages tending to be more rigorous: Pascal x div y x / y Trade-offs of user defined overloading operators Supported by languages tending to agility: C++. Rejected by languages tending to rigorousness: Java Language Design Philosophy 耳蹲悲匙酸槽搬录喧吝茸曳盖秧祸祁埂框篷殿挨啃匿换迫沙交棺厨拒蓟浑OOP-1.Polymorphism面向对象 Generic Classes (or Parameterized Classes) Provide formal generic parameters for a class. Why Generics ? Strong typing languages need generics. Although strong typing makes a program safer, it leads to lack of agility. Generics compromise the conflicts between agility and safeness. Trade-off in software design. Generics 捶劲毁旺汹收访拖翟候幻名戊羡醚腻呜亢焦柞枢垮揉夸隔拈扒逆稳刮协陆OOP-1.Polymorphism面向对象 class TABLE[G] feature ... put(element: G, key