异化和归化[精选].pptVIP

LOGO Company Logo Domestication Foreignization Company Logo 一异化法与归化法的由来 1813年,德国古典语言学家、翻译理论家斯莱尔马赫（Schleiermacher）在《论翻译的方法》(On the Different Methods of Translating)中提出：“翻译的途径只有两种：译者要么尽量不打扰原作者而让读者靠近作者! 要么尽量不打扰读者而让作者靠近读者。施莱尔马赫在这里只描述了这两种方法,并没有给予它们以名称界定。 Company Logo 1995年，美国翻译理论家劳伦斯·韦努蒂（L. Venuti）在《译者的隐身》（The Translator‘s Invisibility）一书中，将第一种方法称为异化法（Foreignizing Method）;将第二种方法称作归化法(Domesticating Method)。 异化法要求译者向作者靠拢，采取相应于作者所使用的源语表达方式来传达原文的内容。 归化法则要求译者向目的语读者靠拢，采取目的语读者所习惯的目的语表达方式来传达原文的内容。归化可以体现在词语选用上，包括人名、地名；体现在文章结构上，体现在体裁选用上，甚至文章褒贬的基调上。 Company Logo 二、定 义 从某种程度讲，异化大致相当于直译（Literal Translation）（又作word-for-word translation）； Literal Translation means word-for-word translation. It takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. Company Logo 归化大致相当于意译(Free Translation// Sense-for-Sense Translation)。 Liberal Translation is also called Free Translation. It is a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence pattern or figures of speech. Company Logo To kill two birds with one stone. 直译：一石二鸟 意译：一箭双雕，一举两得 The worst wheel of a cart creaks most. 直译：最坏的车轮最会嘎吱响。 意译：才学最差，叫喊最响；出力最少，抱怨最忙；能猫不叫，叫猫不能。 树倒猢狲散 直译：When the tree falls, the monkeys scatter. 意译：Members run away when the family falls. Rats leave a sinking ship. Company Logo 异化: 指在翻译方法上迁就外来文化的特点,吸纳外语表达方式。 归化: 指恪守本族文化的语言传统，回归地道的本族语表达方式。 Company Logo 试比较直译VS意译 直译 Easy come, easy go. 来得容易去得快。 Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧 Example is better than precept. 身教胜于言传 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马 雪中送炭 to offer fuel in snowy weather 一人得道，鸡犬升天 Even the dog swaggers when its master win favor. “瓜田李下”(来自“瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠”) Neither adjust your shoe in a melon patch，nor your hat under a plum tree. Company Logo