英文wor版Robust one.docVIP

Robust one-way modes in gyromagnetic photonic crystal waveguides with different interfaces Jin-Xin Fu, Rong-Juan Liu, and Zhi-Yuan Lia_ Laboratory of Optical Physics, National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China _Received 30 March 2010; accepted 5 July 2010; published online 27 July 2010_ We experimentally realize a one-way waveguide made from a gyromagnetic photonic crystal _GPC_ and a normal dielectric photonic crystal in their common photonic band gap. Due to the time reversal symmetry breaking of the GPC under a dc magnetic field, the edge modes exhibit a one-way property. We investigate the unidirectional propagation character originating from the chiral edge states at different widths of the waveguide. Both the forward modes, which are robust to various obstacles, and the backward modes show an obvious frequency shift for different waveguide widths. Numerical simulations by means of the transfer-matrix method and multiple scattering methods agree well with the experimental data. ? 2010 American Institute of Physics. _doi:10.1063/1.3470873_ Photonic crystal _PC_ has provided a fertile ground of research since 1980s due to its marvelous and attractive underlying applications.1–3 People dream of manipulating photons in the same manner as electrons and have made good efforts to realize various kinds of integrated optical devices, such as waveguides, cavities, switches, and so on. Very recently a unusual kind of optical waveguide made from gyromagnetic PC _GPC_ was proposed and realized, which exhibits an interesting one-way propagation property.4–6 This phenomenon is analogous to the quantum Hall effect for the semiconductor in a strong magnetic field,7 which breaks down the time reversal symmetry of the system. The chiral edge modes formed at the interface of the two-dimensional _2D_ GPC and air possess group velocities pointing in only one direction u