选修课程之政治哲学史.pptVIP

Political Theory To 1789 Roots of Modern Political Thought I. The Ancient Politics of Virtue: Plato vs. Aristotle Plato’s Republic (360 BCE) Question = What is justice? Answer = two types of justice Individual justice = rationality ruling over our appetites and emotional attachments (spirit) Social justice = rational parts (i.e. philosophers) ruling over appetites (workers) and spirit (warriors) Answer is naturalistic (virtues are discovered “out there,” not created by us) and agent-based (people, not actions, are described as just or unjust) 4. Politics of Plato’s Republic What is good govern