Chapt 1-科技英语简介.pptVIP

Chapter 1Introduction to EST Features of EST 随着社会的进步和发展，科技英语的应用范围几乎涵盖当今政治、经济、军事、社会、文化生活的各个领域，大大不同于强调艺术审美与文学欣赏的文学英语（小说、诗歌、影视、戏剧等）。就内容来看，它几乎囊括了除文学英语以外的所有内容。“包括人们日常接触和实际应用的各类文字，涉及对外宣传、社会生活、生产领域、经营活动等方方面面”。而就文体而言，它“包括政府文件、告示、科技论文、新闻报道、法律文书、商贸信函、产品说明书、使用手册、广告、技术文本、科普读物、旅游指南等各类文本。” 1. Stylistic characteristics exposition, argumentative essay objective, rational, concise, precise, abstract, logical, explanatory 2. The features of EST 2.1 Passive voice is widely used To explore the inherent objective laws of an object, authors like to use passive voice, which is objective and accurate. About 1/3 sentences are in passive voice. ? By the beginning of last century a substantial body of evidence had been accumulated in support of the idea that the chemical elements consist of atoms. 到上世纪初，已积累了大量的证据来支持这样的观点：化学元素由原子构成。 ? No work（功） can be done without energy. 没有能量就不能做功。 ? Automobiles may be manufactured with computer-driven robots or put together almost totally by hand. 汽车可以由计算机操纵的机器人来制造，或者几乎全部用手工装配。 Note: During the process of translation, most sentences in passive voice should be converted into those in active voice so as to conform to the expression of Chinese. 2.2 Non-finite Verbs are widely used 2.2.1 Infinitive ? It is now possible to convert sunlight directly into electricity. （ What does the infinitive phrase functions as?） 现在能够把太阳光直接转变成电能。 ? The television camera scans the subject to be transmitted. (What does the infinitive phrase functions as?) 电视摄像机对要发送的对象进行扫描。 2.2.2 Participle ? A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by a non-conductor. (What do the participle phrases function as?) 电容器是一种由（一个）非导体隔开的两个导体组成的仪器。 2.2.3 Gerund ? Heating water does not change its chemical composition. 把水加热并不会改变水的化学成分。 2.3 Long sentences Generally, EST is required to state accurately and reason strictly, therefore, it is common that there exist 3 or 4 even 5 or 6 clauses in a long se