Lectue 11 Trends.pptVIP

BUS4520Computer Information Systems Intelligent CIS and Trends Intelligent CIS Future Trends AI Expert Systems Key Issues of CIS Future Trends Beginnings Of Artificial Intelligence Ada Lovelace Charles Babbage Difference Engine, Analytical Engine Beginnings of Computers A Hierarchy of AI AI ? Study of intelligent behaviour Elements of intelligence: Ability to adapt in the light of experience Ability to communicate effectively Organised and dynamic memory Reasoned and directed behaviour How can one tell when AI has been achieved in a machine ? Traditional answer: when the machines performance cannot be distinguished from that of a human performing that task Turings Test Turings Test Knowledge Representation Relational models Semantic networks Predicate logic A Complex Binary Relation Model A Simple Semantic Network Knowledge Processing Searching World Models Logic for Reasoning Probabilistic Reasoning Using logic for reasoning Inference Induction : if leaf1 is green, leaf2 is green, leaf3 is green, then all leaves are green Deduction :(if p then q) and p are true, we can infer that the fact q is true. Abduction: b, (if a b), Infer: a Automated Theorem Proving Resolution Search Pattern Matching Search techniques Forward and Backward Chaining Probabilistic Reasoning Inference Nets Conditional Probabilities Certainty Factors Natural Language Understanding Machine Translation Systems Natural Language Enquiry Systems AI Applications Expert Systems Approach Applications of AI techniques Problem Solving, Planning Pattern Recognition Analyzes data and produces a recommendation or a decision. Encapsulates the knowledge of a human expert within a narrowly defined area Spectral analysis Medical diagnosis Geological formations Credit authorisation, Process planning in manufacturing, ... Solve problems with a specific scope diagnosis, prediction, planning Components of an Expert System Knowledge Base a set of facts and rules obtained from experts and stored i