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2é?′èí?txxx°2×°?úèY: dpkg -L xxx 2é?òèí?t?a?Dμ?èí?t: apt-cache search ?y?ò±í′?ê? 2é?òèí?t?a?Dμ?èí?t: aptitude search èí?t°ü 2é?ò???tê?óú????°ü: dpkg -S filename 2é?ò???tê?óú????°ü: apt-file search filename 2é?ˉèí?txxxòààμ??D?°ü: apt-cache depends xxx 2é?ˉèí?txxx±???D?°üòààμ: apt-cache rdepends xxx ???óò???1a?ì?′: sudo apt-cdrom add ?μí3éy??: sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get dist-upgrade ??3yò?é?3y°üμ?2Da????????t: dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk {print $2} |sudo xargs dpkg -P ±àò?ê±è±éùh???tμ?×??ˉ′|àí: sudo auto-apt run ./configure 2é?′°2×°èí?tê±????°üμ?áùê±′?·?????: ls /var/cache/apt/archives ±?·Yμ±?°?μí3°2×°μ??ùóD°üμ?áD±í: dpkg --get-selections | grep -v deinstall ~/somefile ′ó±?·Yμ?°2×°°üμ?áD±í???t???′?ùóD°ü: dpkg --set-selections ~/somefilesudo dselect ??àí?é°?±?μ?èí?t?o′?: sudo apt-get autoclean ??àí?ùóDèí?t?o′?: sudo apt-get clean é?3y?μí32??ùê1ó?μ?1?á￠èí?t: sudo apt-get autoremove 2é?′°ü?ú·t???÷é???μ?μ??·: apt-get -qq --print-uris install ssh | cut -d\\ -f2 2é?′?úo?: uname -a 2é?′Ubuntu°?±?: cat /etc/issue ?ò lsb_release -a 2é?′?úo??ó??μ??￡?é: lsmod 2é?′PCIéè±?: lspci 2é?′USBéè±?: lsusb -v 2é?′í??¨×′ì?: sudo ethtool eth0 2é?′CPUD??￠: cat /proc/cpuinfo ??ê?μ±?°ó2?tD??￠: sudo lshw ??ê??μí3??DDê±??: uptime 2é?′ó2?ìμ?·???: sudo fdisk -l ó2?ì·???: sudo fdisk /dev/sda ó2?ì??ê??ˉ: sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda1 ó2?ì?ì2é(??2?òa?ì2éò??-1ò??μ?·???￡?·??òèYò×?e?μêy?Y): sudo fsck /dev/sda1 ·???1ò??: sudo mount -t ???t?μí3ààDí (-o nls=utf8 ?ò -o iocharset=utf8) éè±??·?- ·??ê?·?- ·???D???: sudo umount ???????òéè±??? 2é?′IDEó2?ìD??￠: sudo hdparm -i /dev/hda 2é?′STATó2?ìD??￠ : sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda ?ò sudo blktool /dev/sda id 2é?′ó2?ìê￡a?????: df 2é?′??????ó?????: du -hs ?????? ó??ì??·¨D???: syncfuser -km /media/usbdisk 2é?′ó2?ìμ±?°?áD′?é??: sudo iostat -x 2 2é?′μ±?°μ??ú′?ê1ó??é??: free ?ˉì???ê???3ì?′DD?é??: top 2é?′μ±?°óD??D???