英汉翻译 9).pptVIP

Skill XITranslation in a textual perspective(1) What is a text?(1) Grammatically speaking, a text consists of sentences; a sentence consists of clauses; a clause, phrases; a phrase, words. But Halliday and Hasan thought “the word text is used in linguistics to refer to any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that does form a unified whole… It may be anything from a single proverb to a whole play, from a cry for help to an all-day discussion… What is a text?(2) A text is a unit of language in use. It is not a grammatical unit…. It is not defined by its size… A text is best regarded as a semantic unit, a unit not of form but of meaning. Thus it is related to a clause or sentence not by size but by realization.” So we can say a text is a communicative unit. It does not only consist of sentences, it is also realized by sentences which must be meaningful. What is a text?(3) Look at the following examples. Is it a text? Why or why not? Tom’s wife is female. The example is grammatically correct, but it means nothing. The sentence is not informative. It is not a text. Help! When there is a fire and someone calls help. He means to ask for help and the hearer will take an action. The word is meaningful. A passage / an article What is a text?(4) A text in linguistics Text realized in Paragraph ↓ Sentence Clause Phrase ↑ Word controlled by Translation in a textual perspective (strategic decision making ranks) Text logic among clauses Paragraph and sentence (operational ranks) Sentence decode and encode the information Clause and reconstruct sentences Phrase collocation word What should be considered Consider the style of the text Consider the purpose of writing and translation (writer and reader) Consider the relationship between meaning and structure Consider the background and culture Consider the context Try to translate t