MajorWriters6-二战后的英国文学诗人.doc

二战后的英国文学：诗人·小说家·戏剧家 I. Novel 小说 1. 奥威尔 George Orwell 原名艾力克·阿瑟·布莱尔(Eric Arthur Blair)。 (1903,印度 孟加拉 蒙蒂哈里～1950.1.21,英格兰 伦敦) orig.?Eric Arthur Blair? born 1903, Motihari, Bengal, India died Jan. 21, 1950, London, Eng. British novelist, essayist, and critic. Instead of accepting a scholarship to a university, Orwell went to Burma to serve in the Indian Imperial Police (1922–27), an experience that changed him into a literary and political rebel. On returning to Europe, he lived in self-imposed poverty, gaining material for Down and Out in Paris and London (1933), and became a socialist. He went to Spain to report on the Spanish Civil War and stayed to join the Republican militia. His war experiences, which gave him a lifelong dread of communism (he would later provide British intelligence services with lists of his fellow British communists), are recounted in Homage to Catalonia (1938). His novels typically portray a sensitive, conscientious, emotionally isolated individual at odds with an oppressive or dishonest social environment. His most famous works are the anti-Soviet satirical fable Animal Farm (1945) and Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), a dystopic vision of totalitarianism whose influence was widely felt in the post-war decades. His literary essays are also admired. 英国小说家、散文家和评论家。他拒绝一所大学的奖学金，而于1922年到缅甸，担任印度皇家警察直到1927年。这段经历使他变成一个文学上和政治上的叛逆者。回到欧洲后，自愿过着贫穷生活，根据生活经验写了《巴黎伦敦落魄记》(1933)，并成为社会主义者。1936年去西班牙报道西班牙内战，并留下来参加共和军方面的民兵。他根据战争经验写了《向卡塔洛尼亚致敬》(1938)，从此他一生畏惧共产主义(他后来向英国情报部门提供了和他在一起的英国共产党人名单)。他的小说通常描写敏感、有多愁善感良知的孤立个人对苦难和不公正的社会环境的不满。他最著名的作品是反苏讽刺寓言小说《动物农庄》(1945)，以及描写极权社会的《一九八四年》(1949)，在战后有广泛的影响。他的散文也受到人们的赞赏。死于肺玻 Nineteen Eighty-four (1949) Animal Farm (1945) ? 2. 戈尔丁 William G. Golding (1911.9.19,英格兰 康沃尔 纽基附近～1993.6.19,康沃尔 法尔茅斯附近) born Sept. 19, 1911, St. Columb Minor, near Newquay, Cornwall, Eng. died June 19, 1993, Perranarworthal, near Falmouth, Cornwall British novelist. Educated at the University of Oxford, Golding worked as a schoolmaster until 1960. His first and bes