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Module 5 Public speaking I Theory and skills 演讲的技巧（一）口头表述 一名优秀的译员必须同时是一位杰出的演讲者。译员作为次级讲话人(secondary speaker)，与发言人同时出现在听众面前，必须要将发言人的发言效果（impact）体现出来，这不仅仅指语言内容要准确，也指译员要合理运用声音、姿势、动作、眼神等。出色的译员能通过良好的演讲表现增加听众对其翻译能力和译作质量的信任度。 但是，译员与一般演讲者有所不同。译员对于发言的题目、内容和发言目的没有决定权，也不能随意更改发言内容，只能通过翻译尽量达到讲者要传达的发言效果。 因此，口译训练中的演讲技巧注重表述能力，它包含口头表述（vocal rendering）和体态语言(body language) 两个方面，指的是译员借助有声和无声的手段达到良好的演讲效果的能力。表述训练是为了增强听众对译员的信任度，提高译文的效果。 译员的口头表述的训练重点是发声（voice projection）和吐字（articulation）。(microphone manners)。译员的嘴巴应与麦克风之间保持一定的距离以把握适当的音量，防止音效失真和出现气爆杂音(pop noise)，要注意不能对着麦克风喘粗气、吸鼻子、咳嗽或大声翻阅资料。 演讲的技巧（二）体态语 体态语又称身势语形体语言，人们利用姿态、动作面部表情来传递信息的非言语行为。体态语是人类社会交际的信息载体人表达和交流信息、感情、态度，演讲语言的组成部分。不仅要有较强的口语表达能力，要善用体态语言来表情达意。登上讲台，首先给听众的视觉形象。仪表、姿态，神情，动作，全都呈现在听众面前灵活自如、优美协调的体态动作，能很好地辅助口语，弥补有声语言表达的不足，使有声语言表达的内容更准确、生动、完整。体态语II Skills practice Teaching suggestions: When asked to act as a speaker or an interpreter, the students should be reminded to take both the speech delivery and interpretation seriously, so that they will be more aware of their role in the situation and behave as they are supposed to. Instruction: let the students have a quick look at the following passage and invite one student to be the speaker delivering a speech based on it and another student to be the interpreter. 5.1 What makes a good conversation? Recently, a friend phoned me. She’s one of those people who could talk under wet cement. Ive discovered that I can even put the phone down and attend to something in another room while shes talking and she doesn’t even notice. A second friend phoned me that night. I was very tired, but I soon forgot my weariness as we animatedly shared our opinions, beliefs and personal experiences. Time flew, and as I went to bed very late that night, I thought, “Now, that was a really good conversation!” It occurred to me that it might be an interesting topic to research for my speech tonight. So I asked some of my friends what they thought made a good conversation. They had different sug