学习曲理论及其应用研究.docVIP

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  • 2017-01-25 发布于北京
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学习曲线理论及其应用研究 袁蕊 ,刘列励 北京航空航天大学 经济管理学院 ,北京 100083 摘要:学习曲线理论产生于航空工业,发展到现在已经有70多年的历史了。该理论从产生到发展一直受到理论界的广泛关注。国际上对学习曲线的研究已经有丰富的成果,且该理论在企业中得到了很好的应用。文中详细阐述了学习曲线理论和学习效应的概念,介绍了如何建立学习曲线的数学模型,对学习率进行了研究,分析了学习曲线的意义和应用领域,并且提出了学习曲线的局限性及应用时应遵循的基本原则。最后总结了各个不同的企业努力建立符合自身特性的学习曲线的重要意义, 以及将给企业带来的巨大好处。 关键词:学习曲线 ;学习效应 ; 学习率 ;设备速率 ;人的速率 The Study of Learning Curve Theory and Its Application YUAN Rui , LIU Lie-li School of Economics and Management, Beihang University , Beijing 100083, China Abstract : The theory of learning curve originated in the Aircraft Industry, and now it has a history of development for more than 70 years. Since its origination, as well as its development , it has enjoyed a lot of attention in the theory area. Internationally, the study of learning curve has achieved a lot of great achievements, and the theory enjoys a well application in many industries. This paper particularly explains the theory of learning curve and the concept of learning effect, introduces how to build the mathematical model of learning curve, does some research about learning rate, analyzes the significance and application areas of the learning curve. Also, the limitation of the theory and the baisc principles it should follow during application are proposed. Finally, summarizes the important signification of varied industries making great efforts to build a learning curve which fits themselves well and will bring great benefits to themselves. Key word : learning curve; learning effect; learning rate; machine-paced; worker-paced 1 引言 学习曲线(learning curve)又称熟练曲线,是一种动态的生产函数,其最早产生于飞机制造业。它表示在产品的生产过程中,随着累积产量的增加,产品单位工时会逐渐下降,但当累积产量达到一定数量后,产品的单位工时将趋于稳定。这种累积平均工时与累积产量之间的关系称为学习曲线,并把产量加倍后与加倍前累积平均工时之比称为学习率。通常把学习曲线反映出的这一生产规律称为学习效应[1]。 所谓学习效应,是指当一个人或一个组织重复地完成某一项产品生产(任务)时,完成单位产品所需的时间会随着产品生产数量的增加而逐渐减少,然后会趋于稳定[2]。根据统计分析,生产单位产品消耗的时间和累积产量的关系呈指数关系,如图1所示。此曲线包含两个阶段:一是学习阶段,该阶段单位产品的生产时间随产品数量的增加而逐渐减少;二是标准阶段,该阶段单位产品的生产时间基本稳定,学习效应可以忽略不计

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