(被动语态的用法.docVIP

被动语态的用法(高中 被动语态一般只强调动作的承受者，不强调、不关心或者根本不知道动作的执行者。通常在以下情况下使用被动语态： 1）强调动作的承受者 The entire river is polluted. 整条河都被污染了。 My new bicycle has been stolen too. 我的新自行车也被盗了。 All the rooms are cleaned regularly. 所有的房间都定期打扫。 2）不知道或不必指出动作的执行者 I don’t know when the book will be published. 我不知道这本书什么时候出版。 The project will be finished next year. 这个计划将于明年完成。 Fresh fruit is sold in this market. 新鲜水果该市场有售。 3）避免变更主语，以求行文通顺 The hero appeared, and was warmly applauded by the students. 英雄来到，学生们为其热烈鼓掌。 4）出（处）于策略、婉转、礼貌等原因不愿说出动作的执行者 Customers are requested not to touch the exhibits. 顾客被要求勿触摸陈列品。 He was considered to be a computer genius. 他被认为是个计算机天才。 5）正式的公告、 通知、 报纸标题等 No books are to be taken out of the reading room. 书籍不得带出阅览室。（公告） You are asked to be punctual for the examination. 大家务必准时到达考场。（通知） Some people kidnapped！平民遭绑架！（报纸标题） 6）It +be+过去分词+that从句 这是一种惯用结构，常用的动词有：say, report, expect, assume, claim, consider, estimate, find, know, say, prove, realize, hope, observe, suppose, think, understand等。 It is reported that this medicine is effective against lung cancer. 据报道，这种药物对治疗肺癌很有效。 It is expected that prices will go down. 期望物价会下跌。 It was not known whether there was gold left in the mine. 不知道矿里是否还留有黄金。 可以这样用的还有那些表示建议、要求、命令的动词，如arrange, demand. desire, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest等。 It was required that I (should) give evidence. 我被要求提供证据。 It is suggested that we (should) do with the problem in another way.我们被建议用另一种方式处理这个问题。 7）有些动词习惯上常用被动结构 如：be born in（出生于）,be located in（位于）,be taken in（受骗，上当）,be supposed to do something（应该，被期望），be intended for something ( somebody)/ to do something (旨在)等。 He was born in Shanghai. 他出生在上海。 We are supposed to meet at the gate at 7:00. 我们应该七点在大门口见面。 The book is intended for beginners. 本书是为初学者编写的。 被动语态的特殊情况 1）主动形式表示被动 a: 某些感官动词和系动词构成的系表结构是主动结构表示被动意义。 如：taste, look, smell, feel, prove, wear, sound, photograph等。 The flower smells sweet. 花闻起来很香