基于地震正演的断层阴影校正技术及其在南海A油田的应用研究_bd讲解.doc

基于地震正演的断层阴影校正技术及其 在南海A油田的应用研究 宋亚民，赵红娟，董政 （中海石油（中国）有限公司深圳分公司研究院 广东广州 510240） 摘要：断层阴影问题在南海东部地区是普遍存在的，当油藏位于断层阴影带范围内时，不论是时间域还是深度域地震成像都常常出现偏离真实构造形态的情况，对油田勘探开发过程中的井位部署及储量估算都有较大影响，在地震资料解释过程中，有必要对断层阴影问题开展深入研究，合理预判断层阴影有无并尽可能消除断层阴影的影响，还原真实构造形态。为此，以南海A油田开发阶段遇到的具有一定代表性的断层阴影问题为出发点，结合海相地层通常横向分布稳定的特点，井、震资料结合构建二维地质模型，从波动方程模型正演入手，对比分析了真实速度情况下利用Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移和叠前深度偏移方法对断层阴影带的构造成像差异，指出该差异正是断层阴影区存在横向速度突变的结果，可以作为定性判断断层阴影有无的直观依据，并进一步提出了一套基于地震正演模拟的断层阴影定量校正方法，在油田生产实践中取得了较好的应用效果，为地震资料解释过程中预判及消除断层阴影提供了新的研究思路和经济的技术手段，对南海东部地区类似断层阴影问题的研究具有一定的指导借鉴意义。 关键词：断层阴影校正；波动方程正演；叠前时间偏移；叠前深度偏移 Seismic wave forward modeling based fault shadow correction technology and its application to NanHai A oilfield Song Yamin, Zhao Hongjuan, Dong Zhen (Research Institute, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC Ltd., Guangdong Guangzhou 510240, China ) Abstract: The problem of fault shadow is ubiquitous in Nanhai south area. When the reservoir is located in the shadow zone of the fault, the seismic imaging in both time domain and depth domain is often deviated from the real structural position, which has great effects on the estimation of reserves and well placement during the oilfield development stage, it is necessary to carry out deep research about fault shadow problem during the process of seismic data interpretation, and give reasonable prediction of fault shadow and eliminate its influence in order to reveal real structural feature. Base on this consideration, took the typical fault shadow problem during the development stage of Nanhai A oilfield as a example, constructed a two dimensional geological model with both well and seismic data, starting with wave equation forward modeling, compared and analyzed the seismic imaging difference of the shadow zone between the commonly used Kirchhoff pre-stack time migration and pre-stack depth migration under the real velocity field, indicated that the difference is the basis for determining whether fault shadow exists, and put forward an seismic forward simulation based approach for