英语语法之独立主格(高考讲解)摘要.ppt

* 独立主格结构with复合结构 Eagle 10.1 独立主格? （一）： 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。　 （二） 独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 1The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 2The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 3 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.　 4 This done, we went home.　　　 5 The meeting over, everyone tired to go home earlier.　 6 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 7 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 8 There being nothing more to discuss, the meeting came to an end. 9 A lot of problems to solve, I can’t sleep well. 10.2 With的复合结构作独立主格? 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied.　　 注意: 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.　( hand前不能加his)。　　　　　 2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，不及物动词用现在分 词，及物动词用过去分词。　 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.  典型例题： Weather___, well go out for a walk. A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为‘天气允许’，表主动,用现在分词，故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。 *