itamins(维生素)作用.pptVIP

The strong reducing property of VC stems from the enediol system, which forms the 1,2-dione moiety of dehydroascorbic acid on oxidation. The dehydro substance is equally as active a vitamin as ascorbic acid and ,incidentally, is not acidic. The 2,3-diketo-L-gulonic acid, the product of hydrolysis of dehydroascorbic acid , is active. Various purified preparation of Vitamin C had been tried , but the first crystalline isolate was reported in 1932 from lemon juice. This substance had been isolated 4 years earlier from orange and cabbage juices . The commercial synthesis of ascorbic acid begins with reduction of glucose to D-sorbitol, which is oxidized microbiologically by acetobacter suboxydans to L-sorbose. The diisopropylidine derivative of L-sorbose is oxidized to the acid derivative, which on treatment with acid forms L-xylo-2-ketohexanoic acid, this substance spontaneously enolizes and lactonizes to ascorbic acid. The daily requirement of ascorbic acid is estimated at about 60 mg. Good food sources are liver.fresh vegetables such as green peppers,spinach,cabbage, and lettuce,and fresh citrus fruits and strawberries Synthesis: 维生素C（抗坏血酸） 　　功能：对抗游离基、有助防癌；降低胆固醇，加强身体免疫力，防止坏血病。 　　缺乏症：牙龈出血，牙齿脱落；毛细血管脆弱，伤口愈合缓慢，皮下出血等。 　　主要食物来源：水果（特别是橙类），绿色蔬菜，蕃茄，马铃薯等。 Nicotinic acid and Nicotinamide(烟酸和烟酰胺,维生素PP) Nicotinamide is a component of two important coenzyme,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD), coenzyme I,and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADP),also called triphosphopyridine nucleotide(TPN) or coenzyme II. SYNTHESIS Metabolism of VE VE的生理功能是多方面的，当其缺乏时机体内许多组织会出现代谢变化。 VE 能减少体内组织中的氧消耗，有利于机体在低氧状态下的耐受性。对肝脏中血红素的生成有促进作用，另外VE具有抗氧化作用，阻止不饱和脂肪酸的过氧化反应，减少过氧化酯的生成，也有对生物膜的保护、稳定及调控作用，其综合为抗衰老作用。 临床上用于习惯性流产、不孕症、更年期综合症，进行性肌营养不良，间歇性跛行及动脉粥样硬化等。此外还可用于延缓衰老。 长期服用VE 可产生眩晕、视力模糊、血小板凝聚及血栓形成。 Vitamin K VK1,叶绿醌(Phytonadione),从植物中提取 从微生物中提取 人工合成VK3-7 The clinically uses of Vitamin K is VK1-VK4, in normal adults ,lack of Vitamin K is seldom a problem because the need is met by the diet, i