nit 8 教师版.docVIP

Unit 8 I Words and Expressions 1. conduct: vt. carry out or direct; go with and guide or lead * We are conducting a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food. * Is it really necessary to conduct experiments on animals? Collocation: conduct a meeting 主持会议 conduct an investigation 进行调查 2. innate: adj. (of a quality) which someone was born with * The kids have an innate curiosity about the physical world. 孩子具有天生的学习语言的能力。 (= Children have an innate ability to learn language.) 3. attain: vt. gain or arrive at, esp. after long effort; reach * India attained independence in 1947. * I would tell them that they could attain levels of quality and customer satisfaction greater than they had ever imagined. CF: attain, achieve accomplish 这三个动词均有“达到、完成之意。 attain 指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。例如: * She finally attained her ends. 她终于达到了她的目的。 * Kacy attained the rank of deputy director. 凯茜当上副经理了。 achieve 指由于功绩或努力而理所当然应该得到的成功。例如: * He will never achieve his objectives if he does not work harder. 如果不加倍努力的话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。 accomplish指完成规定的任务。例如: * He accomplished the building of the bookcase. 他做完了一个书橱。 4. academic: adj. concerning education, esp. college or university level; being or based on subjects that are taught to develop the mind rather than to provide practical skills * Her name is well known in academic circles. * Teachers must provide challenging activities for their more academic pupils. 麦克没有工作而且毫无学术成就。 (= Mike was unemployed, and had no academic achievement.) Collocation: academic research 学术研究 an academic degree 学位 an academic discussion 学术讨论 an academic year 学年 5. principle: n. a truth or belief that is accepted as a base for reasoning or action; the general rules on which a skill, science, etc. is based, and which a beginner must understand * He prided himself on his high moral principles (= strong ideas about how it is right or wrong to behave). * Schools try to teach children a set of principles. Collocation: against somebody’s principles