二语言学概论复习提要.pptVIP

Hierarchy of Difficulty Level 0 — positive transfer No difference or contrast is present between the two languages. Level 1 — coalescence Two items in the native language become coalesced into essentially one item in the target language. Level 2 — under differentiation An item in the native language is absent in the target language. Level 3 — reinterpretation An item that exists in the native language is given a new shape or distribution. Level 4 — over differentiation A new item entirely, bearing little if any similarity to the native language item, must be learned. Level