6. Translation as a Basic Concept精品课件.pptVIP

What is translation? How to translate? What makes a qualified professional translator? Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. Intralinguistic: an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language Interlinguistic (proper translation): an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of some other language Intersemiotic: an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign system 异化: 指在翻译方法上迁就外来文化的特点，吸纳外语表达方式。 归化: 指恪守本族文化的语言传统，回归地道的本族语表达方式。 Spring, the sweet spring is the year’s pleasant king. ——T. Nash 春，甘美之春，一年之中的尧舜。 ——郭沫若 原诗中的king是一般性说法，没有任何特殊的文化色彩，可是一旦变成了中国古代和平盛世的代名词“尧舜”，就染上了强烈的汉民族色彩。 Curiosity enough, he prophesied with oracular accuracy to the amazement of all. 说也奇怪，他像诸葛亮一样，料事如神，大家都惊讶不止。 “oracular” 的名词形式是 “oracle”，在希腊神话中指“神示、神启”。这个译文中使用“诸葛亮”的人物典故太随意。 说也奇怪，他料事真准，像神启一样应验，让所有的人都惊讶不止。 坚持“和而不同”（孔子语）的原则。“和”是为了不造成译语读者误解和费解；“不同”就是要尽量保持原文有代表性差异特征； 为了保留原文代表性差异，采用“直译夹注”、“直译加注”的方法。 如果“异化”的译法可能造成译语读者的误解，为了在深层语义或语用意义对等，不妨采用“归化”的处理。 You’ve got to have faith up your sleeve, otherwise you won’t succeed. ? hidden but ready to be used 你必须袖里藏有自信，否则你不会成功（异化） 你必须有锦囊妙计，否则你不会成功（归化） 你必须心中充满自信，否则你不会成功的（“和而不同”） as timid as a hare at a stone’s throw wet like a drown rat as stupid as a goose as stubborn as a mule seek a hare in a hen’s nest as dumb as an oyster  胆小如鼠 一箭之遥 湿如落汤鸡 蠢得像猪 犟得像牛 缘木求鱼 守口如瓶 lead a dog’s life cry up wine and sell vinegar put back the clock talk horse kill the goose that lays the golden eggs drink like a fish Once the wife of a parson, always the wife of a parson.  过着牛马一样的生活 挂羊头，卖狗肉 开倒车 吹牛 杀鸡取卵 牛饮 嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。 直译和意译是翻译中最常见的问题。也