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astronomy exam-domenicoscience（天文学exam-domenicoscience）.doc

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astronomy exam-domenicoscience（天文学exam-domenicoscience）

Semester One Final Exam Review Earth Science Name _______________ Period ___________ Date _____________ How is the origin of solar systems related to the formation of stars? Why are the outer planets of our solar system composed primarily of lighter elements, such as hydrogen and helium? Some people believe that Jupiter is a star that had too little mass to ignite. Explain this theory. Explain the process of nuclear fusion - the energy of the stars. What are the phases of the moon, in order? new-waxing crescent-first quarter-waxing gibbous-full- waning gibbous-last quarter-waning crescent new- waning crescent-first quarter- waxing gibbous-full- waning gibbous-last quarter-waning crescent new- first quarter-waxing crescent- -waxing gibbous-full- waning gibbous- -waning crescent- last quarter new-waxing crescent-first gibbous-full- waning gibbous-last quarter-waning crescent What causes phases of the moon? (A drawing is required as well as a written response.) If I am a “Gemini”, what does that mean? Why is it no longer accurate? Explain the process of a super nova. How is the “red shift” used in astronomy? The big bang has some supporting evidence. Explain it here. What are the differences between an open universe and a closed universe? What does the HR diagram tell us about stars? Place the following color of stars in order from coolest to hottest: yellow, white, red, blue. What is “absolute magnitude” when referring to stars? Draw the sun, and label the layers. What is a protostar? What is a black hole, and how is it formed? Why are the planets orbits not precisely circular? What causes the moon to shine in our night sky? What causes a lunar eclipse? (Draw a picture!!) What two forces must balance to make a star stable? Why is it predicted that our star, the Sun, will not end up as a black hole? Why does everything in the universe seem to rotate, or revolve around something else? How do we know that quasars are among the oldest objects in the universe? W