anatomyandphysiologynotes-introduction,cellandtissue.docVIP

Biology 2401 - Anatomy and Physiology I Exam 1 notes - Introduction, Cell and Tissue Structure Two major principles in study of animals bodies: (humans, like other living organisms are product of evolutionary / adaptive process): Structure is related to function - what a part does is affected by what it does. anatomy = study of structure, physiology = study of function 1.2 Living bodies maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis = internal conditions of body within narrow limits. Maintained by physiological mechanisms. 1.5 receptor --------------- control center -------------- effector (muscle, gland, etc.) stimulus (stress, change in conditions) --------------- response (action of body) feedback = response of body to stimulus. negative feedback = response is opposite to changing condition, reverses change. positive feedback = response is same as changing condition, increases change. “long term” homeostasis - cells respond to stimulus over a time period (ex. muscle atrophy or hypertrophy) *How can disease be defined in terms of homeostasis? *Which type feedback (negative or positive) is most important in maintaining homeostasis? Levels of organization in living organisms: 1.3 ecosystem At what level is homeostasis maintained? community population What are emergent properties? give some individual organism examples. organ system organ tissue cell cell organelle molecule What is a very important emergent atom property at the cell level? * * 1 Cells