英语词汇学复习资料..docVIP

《英语词汇学》复习资料 Introduction Lexicology（词汇学） is a branch of linguistics（语言学）. 2. Lexicology和些重要的学科建立了联系1) Morphology（构词学）2) Semantics（语义学）3) Stylistics（语体学） 4) Etymology（词源学） 3. 研究lexicology的两大方法1) Diachronic approach : 历时语言学 2) Synchronic approach : 共时语言学 Chapter 11. Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 2. There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary (任意的)and conventional（约定的,俗称的）. 3. sound ＆ form The sound should be similar to/consistent with the form ,but there are some illogical不合逻辑的and irregularity不规则的 1) influenced by Romans 2) Pronunciation changed 3) early scribes （抄写员） 4) borrowing 4. Vocabulary ——Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period. 5. Classification of Words basic full/content 实义词 native/Anglo-Saxon words frequency notion origin nonbasic/vocabulary functional/empty 功能词 borrowed/loan (1) The characteristics of basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the All national character common care of the language. Stability（稳定性） Productivity（多产性） Polysemy （一词多义） Collocability （可搭配性） neutral in style（中立性） (2) Two feature of native words frequent in use 据现代语言学家的统计，英语中目前所占本族词的数量有多少?50,000 to 60,000他们的来源是(Anglo_Saxon tongue )什么叫borrowed words? words taken over from foreign languages are know as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms. 2) It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary 3) The English language has vast debts .In any dictionarysome 80% of the entries are borrowed. Chapter 2 The development of the English vocabula