汉英翻译技巧全解.doc

分清主从 (Subordination)汉语句中各分句关系比较松散，所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。句中重点往往在后。英译时，要突出重点或主句，其他部分可分别用介词短语，非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。1、 没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social productionproceed.2、 他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.3、 有人以为社会主义就了不起，一点缺点也没有，哪有这个事?Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How canthat be true?4、 但是，象我们常说的那样，道路总是曲折的，前途总是光明的。But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future isbright.二、 选词用字 （Diction）在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。1、每个民族都有它的长处，不然它为什么能存在？为什么能发展？Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?2、树雄心，立壮志，向科学技术现代化进军。Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolutionof modernization of science and technology.3、 我国的社会主义建设，需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结，天下大治的局面。For its socialist construction, China needs an international environmentof peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.4、论技术，她那时还不如我，但思想却比我高得多。Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she washead and shoulders above me.三、增益 （Ampification）汉译英时的“增益”技巧的运用,有时是为了使英美人理解原文的精确含义,有时是为了遵循英语的行文习惯。1、交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over againand see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then canyou do your work well.（英语行文时人称代词，物主代词用得较多）2、她挑水，生炉子，洗东西，忙个不停。Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full everyminute. (增益为了意译)3、他们一听说有新任务，就坐不往了。When they learnt that they’d been given a new task, they just couldn’t sit still any longer. (增加not… any longer 表示“不再”.)4、会用就了不得,不会用就一文不值.It works wonders when you know how to use it, but when you don’t it is notworth a single penny. (增加连词与代词)三、 省略法.(Omission)汉语不怕重复,英语中有相同的词语常可省略,行文较简练