英汉互译lecturenote2(仅供参考)全解.doc

Lecture note 2 直译（literal translation）VS意译（free translation） 直译：是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。直译不等于硬译或死译，也叫逐字翻译——就是以词为单位进行考虑的，力求目的语的每个词都能与原语的每个词对等。直译不仅能保持原作的特点 ,而且还可使读者逐步接受原作的文学风格，促进语言多样性，丰富目的语的语言形式，以利跨文化沟通与交流。Eg: dark horse（黑马） brandy（白兰地） rifle（来福枪） carnation（康乃馨） litchi（荔枝） salon（沙龙） engine（引擎） gentlemen’s agreement（君子协议） one country，two systems（一国两制） to show one’s cards 摊牌 Soon got, soon gone. 来得容易，去得快。 Speech is silver, silence is golden. 雄辩是银，沉默是金。 There is no smoke without fire. 无火不生烟 The worst wheel of a cart creaks most. 最坏的车轮最会嘎嘎响。 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。 来得易，去得疾。 Easy come, easy go. 同一个世界，同一个梦想。 One world, one dream. She has many hot potatoes to handle every day. 她每天都要处理很多棘手的问题。 Partly as a result of the recently increasing demand, whole sale tea prices have almost doubled. 部分由于日益增长的需求，批发茶的价格几乎翻了一番。 It was an old and ragged moon. 这是一弯下弦残月。 意译，就是“自由翻译”。这里的“自由”主要指“结构自由”，就是说不用原文的表达方法，对原作句子的结构进行较大的变化和调整。 Eg： 塞翁失马，焉知非福 。 [译文1]When the old man on the frontier lost his mare, who could have guessed it was a blessing in disguise? 　　 [译文2]A loss may turn out to be a gain. We had the luxury of being able to choose from ten good candidates for the position. 这个工作职位的挑选余地大，我们有十位出色的候选人可供挑选。 Worldly hearts are penny-wise and pound – foolish. 世俗之人小事聪明，大事糊涂。 His integrity and sincerity recommend him to his colleagues. 他为人正直，待人诚恳，因此在同事中颇有人脉。 Having this thorny problem sorted out will sort out the men from the boys. 处理一下这个棘手的问题就能知道谁的能力大谁的能力小了。 包含典故的文化习语 七嘴八舌 With seven mouths and tongues Everybody being eager to put in a word 卡脖子 To have sb. by the throat To give sb. Tremendous trouble 软骨头 A soft bone A spineless man 三头六臂 having three heads and six arms A super man 挂羊头，卖狗肉 cry up wine and sell vinegar 杀鸡取卵 kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 情人眼里出西施 Love is blind. 说曹操，曹操就到。 Talk of the devil and he will appear. 老马识途 Sense comes with age. 一花独放不是