2017整理产褥热(低钙症).pptVIP

产褥热（低钙症）Milk Fever (Hypocalcemia) 韩 特 博士 Prepared by: Dr. Terry Hunt BSc. DVM MRCVS Dairy Herd Health Specialist China – Canada Animal Health Initiative 病因和发病机理Cause Pathogenesis 钙从血液过度流到牛奶乳中会造成牛体肌肉无力、循环虚脱、萎靡、意识不清等 Drain of Calcium from the blood stream to the milk causing generalized muscle weakness, circulatory collapse, depression and unconsciousness 危险因素 Risk Factors 高产牛 High Producing cows 泌乳阶段 Stage of lactation 年龄（5-10年） Age of cow (most 5-10 years of age) 配种牛 Breed of cow 危险因素 Risk Factors 高遗传史 High familiar incidence 过去有乳牛热病史 Previous history of milk fever 头胎牛产后48h乳腺完全排空 Complete udder emptying in 1st 48 hours post partum 危险因素 Risk Factors 日 粮 Dietary 干奶期摄入过多的钙Excessive Ca in dry period 100 gms/head/day 摄入过多的磷Excessive P 80 gms/head/day 摄入过多的钠和钾 Excessive other cations Na or K 碱性日粮 Alkaline diet 高粗蛋白 High Crude Protein 临床症状 Clinical Findings 症状取决于血钙水平 Syndromes depending on blood Ca levels 兴奋阶段 Stage I Excitement Stage 胸骨触地躺卧（S型） Stage II Sternal Recumbency 斜/侧卧阶段 Stage III Lateral Recumbency 阶段一Stage I: Excitement Stage 不安 Restless 高度敏感 Hypersensitive 肌肉颤栗 Muscle tremors 行为异常和吼叫 Abnormal behavior and may bellow 身体摇摆不定 Wobbly stance 血钙8-6.5mg/dl Blood Ca 8-6.5mg/dl 阶段二Stage II: Sternal Recumbency 不能站立 Unable to rise in sternal recumbency 萎靡、嗜睡 Depression, drowsiness 循环慢，皮肤、耳朵、鼻镜处冰凉 Poor circulation – cold ears and skin, dry muzzle 瘤胃静止 Static rumen 瞳孔放大、目光呆滞 Pupils dilated and fixed 可能伴有瘤胃鼓气 Static rumen and may be bloat 便秘和无肛门反射 Constipation no anal reflex 阶段三Stage III: Lateral Recumbency 牛侧卧、嗜睡 Cow is in lateral recumbency comatose 四肢伸出、无力 Limbs stuck out but flaccid 脉搏微弱 Circulatory collapse 心跳无力、心音低沉或无 Weak inaudible heart sounds 瘤胃鼓气和反刍 Cow may bloat and regurgitate 不治疗便会死亡 Cow will die if not treated Sequelae Complications预后和并发症 难产 Dystocia 子宫脱出 Uterine Prolapse 急促性肺炎 Aspiration Pneumonia 倒地不起综合症 Downer cow syndrome 诊断Diagnosis 依据病史、临床症状，排除其他可能性 Based on history, clinica