开放式循环系统.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 心臟血管疾病 已高居臺灣的四大死因之一 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 高血壓及中風 健康的動脈管壁很光滑，但當血中過多的膽固醇沉積於動脈內皮細胞層與肌肉層間，會使管腔內徑縮小 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 高血壓及中風 在脂質斑塊沉積處，動脈管壁平滑肌會不正常增生肥厚，形成粥狀硬化的動脈，有時斑塊甚至鈣化形成鈣化斑，使得動脈變得更硬而失去彈性，稱為動脈硬化 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 動脈硬化 降低管壁彈性，增加高血壓的罹患率 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 血栓（thrombus，即血塊留在鈣化斑處） 當動脈鈣化斑出現時，血管內壁粗糙 血小板易附著於管壁上，啟動凝血機制，血纖維蛋白及血球即跟著凝集於此 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 高血壓 血栓使血管管徑變小，血流阻力增加，造成高血壓 血壓高會增加腦血管破裂的危險性 血壓極易由血壓計的測量得知 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 血栓 可在循環系統的任何部位產生 若被血流沖離到腦部血管時，腦部的血流受阻，即易造成腦組織細胞的死亡 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 中風 因腦部動脈受到阻塞或破裂，導致腦部神經組織因缺氧而出現損傷 所造成的影響及患者的存活率，則視腦部組織受傷的位置及受損面積而定 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 心絞痛、心肌梗塞 心臟疾病多肇因於冠狀動脈阻塞、血流不足，使心肌損傷或死亡 心絞痛：當冠狀動脈硬化並逐漸變窄時，常會導致局部心肌缺氧而胸痛的現象 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 若是因冠狀動脈硬化，且其內又有血栓，即造成心肌血液的供應中斷 心肌梗塞：若缺氧過久，造成組織壞死，會干擾心臟的節律性傳導系統，使心搏出現劇烈變化，甚至停止 心臟血管疾病 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 靜脈曲張 靜脈中有許多瓣膜可阻止血液逆流，使血液穩定地流向心臟 若瓣膜出了問題，使過多血液長期滯留，會使該處的靜脈膨脹彎曲，形成靜脈曲張 孕婦、長時間站立工作者及經常便祕者容易發生此種現象 Evaluation only. Created with Aspo