【2017年整理】化工单元操作problemsanswers.doc

1.3 Solution： pa=1000kg/m3 pc=815kg/m3 pb=0.77kg/m3 D/d=8 R=0.145m When the pressure difference between two reservoirs is increased, the volumetric changes in the reservoirs and U tubes (1) so (2) and hydrostatic equilibrium gives following relationship (3) so (4) substituting the equation (2) for x into equation (4) gives (5) （a）when the change in the level in the reservoirs is neglected, （b）when the change in the levels in the reservoirs is taken into account error= 1.4 Figure for problem 1.4Solution: There is a gaseous mixture in the U-tube manometer meter. The densities of fluids are denoted by , respectively. The pressure at point A is given by hydrostatic equilibrium Figure for problem 1.4 is small and negligible in comparison withand ρH2O , equation above can be simplified = =1000×9.81×0.05+13600×9.81×0.05 =7161N/m2 =7161+13600×9.81×0.4=60527N/m 1.5 Solution: Bernoulli equation is written between stations 1-1 and 2-2, with station 2-2 being reference plane: Where p1=0, p2=0, and u1=0, simplification of the equation 1 The relationship between the velocity at outlet and velocity uo at throat can be derived by the continuity equation: 2 Bernoulli equation is written between the throat and the station 2-2 3 Combining equation 1,2,and 3 gives Solving for H H=1.39m 1.6 Solution: In Fig1.6, the flow diagram is shown with pressure taps to measure p1 and p2. From the mass-balance continuity equation , for constant ρ where ρ1 = ρ2 = ρ, For the items in the Bernoulli equation , for a horizontal pipe, z1=z2=0 Then HYPERLINK javascript:moveTo(ch02equ101); Bernoulli equation becomes, after substituting for V2, Rearranging, Performing the same derivation but in terms of V2, 1.7 Solution: The average velocity V for a cross section is found by summing up all the velocities over