主题一基本的统计学概念要点.ppt

主题一 SPSS中的统计学基础 思考下列问题，领会统计的意义【问题】：座位的前后位置是否影响到学生的学习成绩？【思考】：采用何种方法证明该论题是否正确？ 研究对象如何选择？ ——如何保证本研究所选取的对象代表一般学生的普遍状况？ 研究方法如何确定？ ——如何保证该方法能够搜集到有效的数据，并从理论上确保问题解决的有效性？ 研究资料如何处理？ ——采用何种方法分析所得资料，并从中得到所需要的信息？ 研究结论如何确定？ ——如何把从该样本获得的结果推论到总体的一般情境中？ It is already an accepted fact that Statistical thinking will one day be as necessary for efficient citizenship as the ability to read and write. So, let us be ahead of our time. 统计的功能 (1) Statistics helps in providing a better understanding and exact description of a phenomenon of nature.(2) Statistics helps in proper and efficient planning of a statistical inquiry in any field of study.(3) Statistical helps in collecting an appropriate quantitative data.(4) Statistics helps in presenting complex data in a suitable tabular, diagrammatic and graphic form for an easy and clear comprehension of the data.(5) Statistics helps in understanding the nature and pattern of variability of a phenomenon through quantitative observations.(6) Statistics helps in drawing valid inference, along with a measure of their reliability about the population parameters from the sample data. 统计的功能 Statistics is basically a subject related to mathematics. It deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of Data. Statistics provides??us with a number of tools that help us in prediction and forecasting of data. There are three basic types of Statistics which are: - Descriptive Statistics:??Helps in summarizing a collection of data. - Inferential Statistics: Helps in drawing inferences about the population under study. - Mathematical Statistics : It concerns the theoretical basis of a subject.  活动2 关于SPSS的介绍 【课堂提问】： 你了解SPSS吗？你能够大致描述一下它的用途吗？你是否清楚学习SPSS的意义？ What is SPSS? SPSS (originally, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) is a computer program used for statist