morphemes培训讲义.pptVIP

2,Morphemes lexical morphemes fuctional morphemes 1,Morphology What is Morphology? ---Morphology, as a branch of linguistics, is the study of the internal structure，forms and classes of words. In pther words.it studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. Morphemes 1,Free morphemes free morphemes Definitions: lexical morphemes: functional morphemes: 2,bound morphemes inflectioanl morphemes ‘plural’: wife---------wives; ‘possessive’: shopkeepers ‘tense(past, p.p.)’:done, have done, doing,had done, being done. ‘third-person singular’:does, works, says ‘comparative’ superlative: bettr, richer; best, richest. Definition derivational morphems inflectioanl morphemes * free morphemesboundmoephmes derivational morphems inflectioanl morphemes 1,Morphology 3,Morphs and Allomprphs We can see that some words can be analyzed into smaller components.Ex. chairman chair, man townhall town, hall boys boy, -s morphemes checking check,- ing disappointment dis-,appoint , -ment 2 、Morphemes ?The smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content, ?a unit that cannot be further divided into smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. ----so we can also say that:Morphemes is the smallest meaningful unit of language. lexical morphemes e.g. (car, talk,friend, tour book, desk, house, love ) fuctional morphemes e.g. (and, but, because, if, when, on, above, in ,it, the , that. some morphemes can stand alone as words.These morphemes are called free morphemes. Morphemes derivational morphems e.g. use-------------useless beauty--------beautiful cloud----------cloudy suffixes appoint-------appointment inform---------information